diff --git a/app/models/validations/sales/financial_validations.rb b/app/models/validations/sales/financial_validations.rb
index c1046e035..1d2ef3d6f 100644
--- a/app/models/validations/sales/financial_validations.rb
+++ b/app/models/validations/sales/financial_validations.rb
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ module Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations
 
     relevant_fields = %i[income1 ownershipsch uprn la postcode_full]
     if record.london_property? && !record.income1.between?(0, 90_000)
-      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :outside_london_income_range, message: I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range") }
+      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :outside_london_income_range, message: I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.#{field}.outside_london_income_range") }
     elsif record.property_not_in_london? && !record.income1.between?(0, 80_000)
-      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :outside_non_london_income_range, message: I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range") }
+      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :outside_non_london_income_range, message: I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.#{field}.outside_non_london_income_range") }
     end
   end
 
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ module Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations
 
     relevant_fields = %i[income2 ownershipsch uprn la postcode_full]
     if record.london_property? && !record.income2.between?(0, 90_000)
-      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :outside_london_income_range, message: I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range") }
+      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :outside_london_income_range, message: I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.#{field}.outside_london_income_range") }
     elsif record.property_not_in_london? && !record.income2.between?(0, 80_000)
-      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :outside_non_london_income_range, message: I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range") }
+      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :outside_non_london_income_range, message: I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.#{field}.outside_non_london_income_range") }
     end
   end
 
@@ -30,25 +30,26 @@ module Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations
     combined_income = record.income1 + record.income2
     relevant_fields = %i[income1 income2 ownershipsch uprn la postcode_full]
     if record.london_property? && combined_income > 90_000
-      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :over_combined_hard_max_for_london, message: I18n.t("validations.financial.income.combined_over_hard_max_for_london") }
+      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :over_combined_hard_max_for_london, message: I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.#{field}.combined_over_hard_max_for_london") }
     elsif record.property_not_in_london? && combined_income > 80_000
-      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :over_combined_hard_max_for_outside_london, message: I18n.t("validations.financial.income.combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london") }
+      relevant_fields.each { |field| record.errors.add field, :over_combined_hard_max_for_outside_london, message: I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.#{field}.combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london") }
     end
   end
 
   def validate_mortgage(record)
-    record.errors.add :mortgage, :cannot_be_0, message: I18n.t("validations.financial.mortgage") if record.mortgage_used? && record.mortgage&.zero?
+    record.errors.add :mortgage, :cannot_be_0, message: I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.mortgage.mortgage_zero") if record.mortgage_used? && record.mortgage&.zero?
   end
 
   def validate_monthly_leasehold_charges(record)
-    record.errors.add :mscharge, I18n.t("validations.financial.monthly_leasehold_charges.not_zero") if record.mscharge&.zero?
+    record.errors.add :mscharge, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.mscharge.monthly_leasehold_charges.not_zero") if record.mscharge&.zero?
   end
 
   def validate_percentage_bought_not_greater_than_percentage_owned(record)
     return unless record.stairbought && record.stairowned
 
     if record.stairbought > record.stairowned
-      record.errors.add :stairowned, I18n.t("validations.financial.staircasing.percentage_bought_must_be_greater_than_percentage_owned", buyer_now_owns: record.joint_purchase? ? "buyers now own" : "buyer now owns")
+      joint_purchase_id = record.joint_purchase? ? "joint_purchase" : "not_joint_purchase"
+      record.errors.add :stairowned, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairowned.percentage_bought_must_be_greater_than_percentage_owned.#{joint_purchase_id}")
     end
   end
 
@@ -57,8 +58,8 @@ module Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations
     return unless record.saledate && record.form.start_year_2024_or_later?
 
     if record.stairbought == record.stairowned
-      record.errors.add :stairbought, I18n.t("validations.financial.staircasing.percentage_bought_equal_percentage_owned", stairbought: sprintf("%g", record.stairbought), stairowned: sprintf("%g", record.stairowned))
-      record.errors.add :stairowned, I18n.t("validations.financial.staircasing.percentage_bought_equal_percentage_owned", stairbought: sprintf("%g", record.stairbought), stairowned: sprintf("%g", record.stairowned))
+      record.errors.add :stairbought, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairbought.percentage_bought_equal_percentage_owned", stairbought: sprintf("%g", record.stairbought), stairowned: sprintf("%g", record.stairowned))
+      record.errors.add :stairowned, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairowned.percentage_bought_equal_percentage_owned", stairbought: sprintf("%g", record.stairbought), stairowned: sprintf("%g", record.stairowned))
     end
   end
 
@@ -72,8 +73,8 @@ module Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations
                 end
 
     if threshold && record.stairbought < threshold
-      record.errors.add :stairbought, I18n.t("validations.financial.staircasing.percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold", threshold:)
-      record.errors.add :type, I18n.t("validations.setup.type.percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold", threshold:)
+      record.errors.add :stairbought, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairbought.percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold", threshold:)
+      record.errors.add :type, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold", threshold:)
     end
   end
 
@@ -81,8 +82,8 @@ module Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations
     return unless record.income2 && record.ecstat2
 
     if record.income2.positive? && is_economic_status_child?(record.ecstat2) && record.form.start_date.year >= 2023
-      record.errors.add :ecstat2, I18n.t("validations.financial.income.child_has_income")
-      record.errors.add :income2, I18n.t("validations.financial.income.child_has_income")
+      record.errors.add :ecstat2, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.ecstat2.child_has_income")
+      record.errors.add :income2, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income2.child_has_income")
     end
   end
 
@@ -94,12 +95,12 @@ module Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations
     return unless (range = ranges[record.type])
 
     if record.equity < range.min
-      record.errors.add :type, I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.under_min", min_equity: range.min)
-      record.errors.add :equity, :under_min, message: I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.under_min", min_equity: range.min)
+      record.errors.add :type, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.equity_under_min", min_equity: range.min)
+      record.errors.add :equity, :under_min, message: I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_under_min", min_equity: range.min)
     elsif !record.is_resale? && record.equity > range.max
-      record.errors.add :type, I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.over_max", max_equity: range.max)
-      record.errors.add :equity, :over_max, message: I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.over_max", max_equity: range.max)
-      record.errors.add :resale, I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.over_max", max_equity: range.max)
+      record.errors.add :type, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.equity_over_max", max_equity: range.max)
+      record.errors.add :equity, :over_max, message: I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_over_max", max_equity: range.max)
+      record.errors.add :resale, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.resale.equity_over_max", max_equity: range.max)
     end
   end
 
@@ -109,9 +110,10 @@ module Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations
 
     if record.equity > record.stairowned - record.stairbought
       formatted_equity = sprintf("%g", record.equity)
-      record.errors.add :equity, I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.over_stairowned_minus_stairbought", equity: formatted_equity, staircase_difference: record.stairowned - record.stairbought, buyer_owns: record.joint_purchase? ? "buyers own" : "buyer owns")
-      record.errors.add :stairowned, I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.over_stairowned_minus_stairbought", equity: formatted_equity, staircase_difference: record.stairowned - record.stairbought, buyer_owns: record.joint_purchase? ? "buyers own" : "buyer owns")
-      record.errors.add :stairbought, I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.over_stairowned_minus_stairbought", equity: formatted_equity, staircase_difference: record.stairowned - record.stairbought, buyer_owns: record.joint_purchase? ? "buyers own" : "buyer owns")
+      joint_purchase_id = record.joint_purchase? ? "joint_purchase" : "not_joint_purchase"
+      record.errors.add :equity, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought.#{joint_purchase_id}", equity: formatted_equity, staircase_difference: record.stairowned - record.stairbought)
+      record.errors.add :stairowned, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairowned.equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought.#{joint_purchase_id}", equity: formatted_equity, staircase_difference: record.stairowned - record.stairbought)
+      record.errors.add :stairbought, I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairbought.equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought.#{joint_purchase_id}", equity: formatted_equity, staircase_difference: record.stairowned - record.stairbought)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/config/locales/en.yml b/config/locales/en.yml
index 8cf9634b5..1c8f49dfb 100644
--- a/config/locales/en.yml
+++ b/config/locales/en.yml
@@ -258,8 +258,6 @@ en:
     setup:
       saledate:
         year_not_two_or_four_digits: "Sale completion year must be 2 or 4 digits."
-      type:
-        percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold: "The minimum increase in equity while staircasing is %{threshold}% for this shared ownership type."
       startdate:
         before_scheme_end_date: "The tenancy start date must be before the end date for this supported housing scheme."
       owning_organisation:
@@ -285,28 +283,14 @@ en:
         one_three_bedroom_single_tenant_shared: "A shared house with fewer than two tenants must have 1 to 3 bedrooms."
 
     financial:
-      income:
-        outside_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £90,000 for properties within a London local authority."
-        outside_non_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £80,000 for properties in a non-London local authority."
-        combined_over_hard_max_for_london: "Combined income must be £90,000 or lower for properties within a London local authority."
-        combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london: "Combined income must be £80,000 or lower for properties outside London local authorities."
-        child_has_income: "Child's income must be £0."
       charges:
         missing_charges: "Please enter the %{sentence_fragment}. If there is no %{sentence_fragment}, please enter '0'."
       carehome:
         not_provided: "Enter how much rent and other charges the household pays %{period}."
       cash_discount_invalid: "Cash discount must be £0 - £999,999."
-      staircasing:
-        percentage_bought_must_be_greater_than_percentage_owned: "Total percentage %{buyer_now_owns} must be more than percentage bought in this transaction."
-        percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold: "The minimum increase in equity while staircasing is %{threshold}%."
-        percentage_bought_equal_percentage_owned: "The percentage bought is %{stairbought}% and the percentage owned in total is %{stairowned}%. These figures cannot be the same."
-      monthly_leasehold_charges:
-        not_zero: "Monthly leasehold charges cannot be £0 if the property has monthly charges."
-      equity:
-        under_min: "The minimum initial equity stake for this type of shared ownership sale is %{min_equity}%."
-        over_max: "The maximum initial equity stake is %{max_equity}%."
-        over_stairowned_minus_stairbought: "The initial equity stake is %{equity}% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is %{staircase_difference}%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the %{buyer_owns} minus the percentage bought."
-      mortgage: "Mortgage value cannot be £0 if a mortgage was used for the purchase of this property."
+      mortgage_used:
+        year: "You must answer either ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to the question ‘was a mortgage used’ for the selected year."
+        staircasing: "You must answer either ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to the question ‘was a mortgage used’ for staircasing transactions."
       shared_ownership_deposit: "The %{mortgage_deposit_and_discount_error_fields} added together is %{mortgage_deposit_and_discount_total}. The value times the equity percentage is %{value_times_equity}. These figures should be the same."
 
     household:
diff --git a/config/locales/validations/sales/financial.en.yml b/config/locales/validations/sales/financial.en.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efd257ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/locales/validations/sales/financial.en.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+en:
+  validations:
+    sales:
+      financial:
+        ownershipsch:
+          outside_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £90,000 for properties within a London local authority."
+          outside_non_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £80,000 for properties in a non-London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_london: "Combined income must be £90,000 or lower for properties within a London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london: "Combined income must be £80,000 or lower for properties outside London local authorities."
+
+        uprn:
+          outside_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £90,000 for properties within a London local authority."
+          outside_non_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £80,000 for properties in a non-London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_london: "Combined income must be £90,000 or lower for properties within a London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london: "Combined income must be £80,000 or lower for properties outside London local authorities."
+
+        la:
+          outside_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £90,000 for properties within a London local authority."
+          outside_non_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £80,000 for properties in a non-London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_london: "Combined income must be £90,000 or lower for properties within a London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london: "Combined income must be £80,000 or lower for properties outside London local authorities."
+
+        postcode_full:
+          outside_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £90,000 for properties within a London local authority."
+          outside_non_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £80,000 for properties in a non-London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_london: "Combined income must be £90,000 or lower for properties within a London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london: "Combined income must be £80,000 or lower for properties outside London local authorities."
+
+        income1:
+          outside_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £90,000 for properties within a London local authority."
+          outside_non_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £80,000 for properties in a non-London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_london: "Combined income must be £90,000 or lower for properties within a London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london: "Combined income must be £80,000 or lower for properties outside London local authorities."
+
+        income2:
+          outside_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £90,000 for properties within a London local authority."
+          outside_non_london_income_range: "Income must be between £0 and £80,000 for properties in a non-London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_london: "Combined income must be £90,000 or lower for properties within a London local authority."
+          combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london: "Combined income must be £80,000 or lower for properties outside London local authorities."
+          child_has_income: "Child's income must be £0."
+
+        ecstat2:
+          child_has_income: "Child's income must be £0."
+
+        mortgage:
+          mortgage_zero: "Mortgage value cannot be £0 if a mortgage was used for the purchase of this property."
+
+        mscharge:
+          monthly_leasehold_charges:
+            not_zero: "Monthly leasehold charges cannot be £0 if the property has monthly charges."
+
+        resale:
+          equity_over_max: "The maximum initial equity stake is %{max_equity}%."
+
+        type:
+          equity_under_min: "The minimum initial equity stake for this type of shared ownership sale is %{min_equity}%."
+          equity_over_max: "The maximum initial equity stake is %{max_equity}%."
+          percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold: "The minimum increase in equity while staircasing is %{threshold}% for this shared ownership type."
+
+        equity:
+          equity_under_min: "The minimum initial equity stake for this type of shared ownership sale is %{min_equity}%."
+          equity_over_max: "The maximum initial equity stake is %{max_equity}%."
+          equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought:
+            joint_purchase: "The initial equity stake is %{equity}% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is %{staircase_difference}%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyers own minus the percentage bought."
+            not_joint_purchase: "The initial equity stake is %{equity}% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is %{staircase_difference}%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyer owns minus the percentage bought."
+
+        stairowned:
+          equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought:
+            joint_purchase: "The initial equity stake is %{equity}% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is %{staircase_difference}%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyers own minus the percentage bought."
+            not_joint_purchase: "The initial equity stake is %{equity}% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is %{staircase_difference}%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyer owns minus the percentage bought."
+          percentage_bought_must_be_greater_than_percentage_owned:
+            joint_purchase: "Total percentage buyers now own must be more than percentage bought in this transaction."
+            not_joint_purchase: "Total percentage buyer now owns must be more than percentage bought in this transaction."
+          percentage_bought_equal_percentage_owned: "The percentage bought is %{stairbought}% and the percentage owned in total is %{stairowned}%. These figures cannot be the same."
+
+        stairbought:
+          equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought:
+            joint_purchase: "The initial equity stake is %{equity}% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is %{staircase_difference}%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyers own minus the percentage bought."
+            not_joint_purchase: "The initial equity stake is %{equity}% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is %{staircase_difference}%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyer owns minus the percentage bought."
+          percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold: "The minimum increase in equity while staircasing is %{threshold}%."
+          percentage_bought_equal_percentage_owned: "The percentage bought is %{stairbought}% and the percentage owned in total is %{stairowned}%. These figures cannot be the same."
diff --git a/spec/models/validations/sales/financial_validations_spec.rb b/spec/models/validations/sales/financial_validations_spec.rb
index b0e80303a..7b7749003 100644
--- a/spec/models/validations/sales/financial_validations_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/validations/sales/financial_validations_spec.rb
@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
       it "adds errors if buyer 1 has income over 80,000" do
         record.income1 = 85_000
         financial_validator.validate_income1(record)
-        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income1.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.ownershipsch.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.la.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.postcode_full.outside_non_london_income_range"))
       end
 
       it "adds errors if buyer 2 has income over 80,000" do
         record.income2 = 85_000
         financial_validator.validate_income2(record)
-        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income2.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.ownershipsch.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.la.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.postcode_full.outside_non_london_income_range"))
       end
 
       it "does not add errors if buyer 1 has income above 0 and below 80_000" do
@@ -46,27 +46,27 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
       it "adds errors if buyer 1 has income below 0" do
         record.income1 = -500
         financial_validator.validate_income1(record)
-        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income1.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.ownershipsch.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.la.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.postcode_full.outside_non_london_income_range"))
       end
 
       it "adds errors if buyer 2 has income below 0" do
         record.income2 = -5
         financial_validator.validate_income2(record)
-        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income2.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.ownershipsch.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.la.outside_non_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.postcode_full.outside_non_london_income_range"))
       end
 
       it "adds errors when combined income is over 80_000" do
         record.income1 = 45_000
         record.income2 = 40_000
         financial_validator.validate_combined_income(record)
-        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london"))
-        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london"))
+        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income1.combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london"))
+        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income2.combined_over_hard_max_for_outside_london"))
       end
 
       it "does not add errors when combined income is under 80_000" do
@@ -85,19 +85,19 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
       it "adds errors if buyer 1 has income over 90,000" do
         record.income1 = 95_000
         financial_validator.validate_income1(record)
-        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income1.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.ownershipsch.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.la.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.postcode_full.outside_london_income_range"))
       end
 
       it "adds errors if buyer 2 has income over 90,000" do
         record.income2 = 95_000
         financial_validator.validate_income2(record)
-        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income2.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.ownershipsch.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.la.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.postcode_full.outside_london_income_range"))
       end
 
       it "does not add errors if buyer 1 has income above 0 and below 90_000" do
@@ -115,27 +115,27 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
       it "adds errors if buyer 1 has income below 0" do
         record.income1 = -500
         financial_validator.validate_income1(record)
-        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income1.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.ownershipsch.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.la.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.postcode_full.outside_london_income_range"))
       end
 
       it "adds errors if buyer 2 has income below 0" do
         record.income2 = -2
         financial_validator.validate_income2(record)
-        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
-        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income2.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["ownershipsch"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.ownershipsch.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["la"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.la.outside_london_income_range"))
+        expect(record.errors["postcode_full"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.postcode_full.outside_london_income_range"))
       end
 
       it "adds errors when combined income is over 90_000" do
         record.income1 = 55_000
         record.income2 = 40_000
         financial_validator.validate_combined_income(record)
-        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.combined_over_hard_max_for_london"))
-        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.combined_over_hard_max_for_london"))
+        expect(record.errors["income1"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income1.combined_over_hard_max_for_london"))
+        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income2.combined_over_hard_max_for_london"))
       end
 
       it "does not add errors when combined income is under 90_000" do
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
       record.mortgageused = 1
       record.mortgage = 0
       financial_validator.validate_mortgage(record)
-      expect(record.errors[:mortgage]).to include I18n.t("validations.financial.mortgage")
+      expect(record.errors[:mortgage]).to include I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.mortgage.mortgage_zero")
     end
 
     it "does not add an error is the mortgage is positive" do
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
       record.stairowned = 40
       record.jointpur = 1
       financial_validator.validate_percentage_bought_not_greater_than_percentage_owned(record)
-      expect(record.errors["stairowned"]).to include("Total percentage buyers now own must be more than percentage bought in this transaction.")
+      expect(record.errors["stairowned"]).to include(I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairowned.percentage_bought_must_be_greater_than_percentage_owned.joint_purchase"))
     end
 
     it "adds an error to stairowned and not stairbought if the percentage bought is more than the percentage owned for non joint purchase" do
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
       record.stairowned = 40
       record.jointpur = 2
       financial_validator.validate_percentage_bought_not_greater_than_percentage_owned(record)
-      expect(record.errors["stairowned"]).to include("Total percentage buyer now owns must be more than percentage bought in this transaction.")
+      expect(record.errors["stairowned"]).to include(I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairowned.percentage_bought_must_be_greater_than_percentage_owned.not_joint_purchase"))
     end
   end
 
@@ -205,7 +205,6 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
     context "with 24/25 logs" do
       before do
         record.saledate = Time.zone.local(2024, 4, 3)
-        record.save!(validate: false)
       end
 
       it "does not add an error if the percentage bought is less than the percentage owned" do
@@ -219,8 +218,8 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
         record.stairbought = 30
         record.stairowned = 30
         financial_validator.validate_percentage_bought_not_equal_percentage_owned(record)
-        expect(record.errors["stairowned"]).to include("The percentage bought is 30% and the percentage owned in total is 30%. These figures cannot be the same.")
-        expect(record.errors["stairbought"]).to include("The percentage bought is 30% and the percentage owned in total is 30%. These figures cannot be the same.")
+        expect(record.errors["stairowned"]).to eq([I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairowned.percentage_bought_equal_percentage_owned", stairbought: 30, stairowned: 30)])
+        expect(record.errors["stairbought"]).to eq([I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairbought.percentage_bought_equal_percentage_owned", stairbought: 30, stairowned: 30)])
       end
 
       it "does not add an error to stairowned and not stairbought if the percentage bought is more than the percentage owned" do
@@ -234,7 +233,6 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
     context "with 23/24 logs" do
       before do
         record.saledate = Time.zone.local(2023, 4, 3)
-        record.save!(validate: false)
       end
 
       it "does not add an error if the percentage bought is equal to the percentage owned" do
@@ -258,7 +256,7 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
     it "adds an error if monthly leasehold charges are zero" do
       record.mscharge = 0
       financial_validator.validate_monthly_leasehold_charges(record)
-      expect(record.errors[:mscharge]).to include I18n.t("validations.financial.monthly_leasehold_charges.not_zero")
+      expect(record.errors[:mscharge]).to include I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.mscharge.monthly_leasehold_charges.not_zero")
     end
   end
 
@@ -270,8 +268,8 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
       [2, 16, 18, 24].each do |type|
         record.type = type
         financial_validator.validate_percentage_bought_at_least_threshold(record)
-        expect(record.errors["stairbought"]).to eq(["The minimum increase in equity while staircasing is 10%."])
-        expect(record.errors["type"]).to eq(["The minimum increase in equity while staircasing is 10% for this shared ownership type."])
+        expect(record.errors["stairbought"]).to eq([I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairbought.percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold", threshold: 10)])
+        expect(record.errors["type"]).to eq([I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold", threshold: 10)])
         record.errors.clear
       end
 
@@ -279,8 +277,8 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
       [28, 30, 31, 32].each do |type|
         record.type = type
         financial_validator.validate_percentage_bought_at_least_threshold(record)
-        expect(record.errors["stairbought"]).to eq(["The minimum increase in equity while staircasing is 1%."])
-        expect(record.errors["type"]).to eq(["The minimum increase in equity while staircasing is 1% for this shared ownership type."])
+        expect(record.errors["stairbought"]).to eq([I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairbought.percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold", threshold: 1)])
+        expect(record.errors["type"]).to eq([I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.percentage_bought_must_be_at_least_threshold", threshold: 1)])
         record.errors.clear
       end
     end
@@ -331,8 +329,8 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
       it "adds errors if buyer 2 has an income" do
         record.income2 = 40_000
         financial_validator.validate_child_income(record)
-        expect(record.errors["ecstat2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.child_has_income"))
-        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.income.child_has_income"))
+        expect(record.errors["ecstat2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.ecstat2.child_has_income"))
+        expect(record.errors["income2"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.income2.child_has_income"))
       end
     end
   end
@@ -347,16 +345,16 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
         record.type = 2
         record.equity = 1
         financial_validator.validate_equity_in_range_for_year_and_type(record)
-        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.under_min", min_equity: 25))
-        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.under_min", min_equity: 25))
+        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_under_min", min_equity: 25))
+        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.equity_under_min", min_equity: 25))
       end
 
       it "adds an error for type 30, equity below min with the correct percentage" do
         record.type = 30
         record.equity = 1
         financial_validator.validate_equity_in_range_for_year_and_type(record)
-        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.under_min", min_equity: 10))
-        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.under_min", min_equity: 10))
+        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_under_min", min_equity: 10))
+        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.equity_under_min", min_equity: 10))
       end
 
       it "does not add an error for equity in range with the correct percentage" do
@@ -370,8 +368,8 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
         record.type = 2
         record.equity = 90
         financial_validator.validate_equity_in_range_for_year_and_type(record)
-        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.over_max", max_equity: 75))
-        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.over_max", max_equity: 75))
+        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_over_max", max_equity: 75))
+        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.equity_over_max", max_equity: 75))
       end
 
       it "does not add an error if it's a resale" do
@@ -390,16 +388,16 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
         record.type = 2
         record.equity = 1
         financial_validator.validate_equity_in_range_for_year_and_type(record)
-        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.under_min", min_equity: 25))
-        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.under_min", min_equity: 25))
+        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_under_min", min_equity: 25))
+        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.equity_under_min", min_equity: 25))
       end
 
       it "adds an error for type 30, equity below min with the correct percentage" do
         record.type = 30
         record.equity = 1
         financial_validator.validate_equity_in_range_for_year_and_type(record)
-        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.under_min", min_equity: 10))
-        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.under_min", min_equity: 10))
+        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_under_min", min_equity: 10))
+        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.equity_under_min", min_equity: 10))
       end
 
       it "does not add an error for equity in range with the correct percentage" do
@@ -413,8 +411,8 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
         record.type = 2
         record.equity = 90
         financial_validator.validate_equity_in_range_for_year_and_type(record)
-        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.over_max", max_equity: 75))
-        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.financial.equity.over_max", max_equity: 75))
+        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_over_max", max_equity: 75))
+        expect(record.errors["type"]).to include(match I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.type.equity_over_max", max_equity: 75))
       end
     end
   end
@@ -443,9 +441,9 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
         record.equity = 2
         record.jointpur = 1
         financial_validator.validate_equity_less_than_staircase_difference(record)
-        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include("The initial equity stake is 2% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is 1%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyers own minus the percentage bought.")
-        expect(record.errors["stairowned"]).to include("The initial equity stake is 2% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is 1%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyers own minus the percentage bought.")
-        expect(record.errors["stairbought"]).to include("The initial equity stake is 2% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is 1%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyers own minus the percentage bought.")
+        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought.joint_purchase", equity: 2, staircase_difference: 1))
+        expect(record.errors["stairowned"]).to include(I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairowned.equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought.joint_purchase", equity: 2, staircase_difference: 1))
+        expect(record.errors["stairbought"]).to include(I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairbought.equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought.joint_purchase", equity: 2, staircase_difference: 1))
       end
 
       it "adds errors if equity is more than stairowned - stairbought for non joint purchase" do
@@ -454,9 +452,9 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::FinancialValidations do
         record.equity = 2
         record.jointpur = 2
         financial_validator.validate_equity_less_than_staircase_difference(record)
-        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include("The initial equity stake is 2% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is 1%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyer owns minus the percentage bought.")
-        expect(record.errors["stairowned"]).to include("The initial equity stake is 2% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is 1%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyer owns minus the percentage bought.")
-        expect(record.errors["stairbought"]).to include("The initial equity stake is 2% and the percentage owned in total minus the percentage bought is 1%. In a staircasing transaction, the equity stake purchased cannot be larger than the percentage the buyer owns minus the percentage bought.")
+        expect(record.errors["equity"]).to include(I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.equity.equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought.not_joint_purchase", equity: 2, staircase_difference: 1))
+        expect(record.errors["stairowned"]).to include(I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairowned.equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought.not_joint_purchase", equity: 2, staircase_difference: 1))
+        expect(record.errors["stairbought"]).to include(I18n.t("validations.sales.financial.stairbought.equity_over_stairowned_minus_stairbought.not_joint_purchase", equity: 2, staircase_difference: 1))
       end
 
       it "does not add errors if equity is less than stairowned - stairbought" do