diff --git a/app/models/validations/household_validations.rb b/app/models/validations/household_validations.rb
index cd0ebd9ac..5609f1e1c 100644
--- a/app/models/validations/household_validations.rb
+++ b/app/models/validations/household_validations.rb
@@ -187,10 +187,21 @@ private
     relationship = record.public_send("relat#{person_num}")
     return unless age && economic_status && relationship
 
-    if age >= 16 && age <= 19 && tenant_is_child?(relationship) && (!tenant_is_fulltime_student?(economic_status) && !tenant_economic_status_refused?(economic_status))
-      record.errors.add "ecstat#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.ecstat.not_student_16_19", person_num:)
-      record.errors.add "age#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.age.not_student_16_19", person_num:)
-      record.errors.add "relat#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.relat.not_student_16_19", person_num:)
+    age_between_16_19 = age.between?(16, 19)
+    student = tenant_is_fulltime_student?(economic_status)
+    economic_status_refused = tenant_economic_status_refused?(economic_status)
+    child = tenant_is_child?(relationship)
+
+    if age_between_16_19 && !(student || economic_status_refused) && child
+      record.errors.add "age#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.age.student_16_19.cannot_be_16_19.child_not_student")
+      record.errors.add "ecstat#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.ecstat.student_16_19.must_be_student")
+      record.errors.add "relat#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.relat.student_16_19.cannot_be_child.16_19_not_student")
+    end
+
+    if !age_between_16_19 && student && child
+      record.errors.add "age#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.age.student_16_19.must_be_16_19")
+      record.errors.add "ecstat#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.ecstat.student_16_19.cannot_be_student.child_not_16_19")
+      record.errors.add "relat#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.relat.student_16_19.cannot_be_child.student_not_16_19")
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/app/models/validations/sales/household_validations.rb b/app/models/validations/sales/household_validations.rb
index a0202ce89..f25effce6 100644
--- a/app/models/validations/sales/household_validations.rb
+++ b/app/models/validations/sales/household_validations.rb
@@ -54,9 +54,10 @@ private
 
     age_between_16_19 = age.between?(16, 19)
     student = person_is_fulltime_student?(economic_status)
+    economic_status_refused = person_economic_status_refused?(economic_status)
     child = person_is_child?(relationship)
 
-    if age_between_16_19 && !student && child
+    if age_between_16_19 && !(student || economic_status_refused) && child
       record.errors.add "age#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.age.student_16_19.cannot_be_16_19.child_not_student")
       record.errors.add "ecstat#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.ecstat.student_16_19.must_be_student")
       record.errors.add "relat#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.relat.student_16_19.cannot_be_child.16_19_not_student")
@@ -74,11 +75,11 @@ private
     economic_status = record.public_send("ecstat#{person_num}")
     return unless age && economic_status
 
-    if age < 16 && !tenant_is_economic_child?(economic_status)
+    if age < 16 && !person_is_economic_child?(economic_status)
       record.errors.add "ecstat#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.ecstat.child_under_16", person_num:)
       record.errors.add "age#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.age.child_under_16", person_num:)
     end
-    if tenant_is_economic_child?(economic_status) && age > 16
+    if person_is_economic_child?(economic_status) && age > 16
       record.errors.add "ecstat#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.ecstat.child_over_16", person_num:)
       record.errors.add "age#{person_num}", I18n.t("validations.household.age.child_over_16", person_num:)
     end
@@ -109,7 +110,11 @@ private
     relationship == "C"
   end
 
-  def tenant_is_economic_child?(economic_status)
+  def person_is_economic_child?(economic_status)
     economic_status == 9
   end
+
+  def person_economic_status_refused?(economic_status)
+    economic_status == 10
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/validations/financial_validations_spec.rb b/spec/models/validations/financial_validations_spec.rb
index a325f24d9..ab3924d90 100644
--- a/spec/models/validations/financial_validations_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/validations/financial_validations_spec.rb
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::FinancialValidations do
       end
 
       context "and charges are not provided" do
-        xit "throws and error" do
+        xit "throws an error" do
           record.period = 3
           record.chcharge = nil
           financial_validator.validate_care_home_charges(record)
diff --git a/spec/models/validations/household_validations_spec.rb b/spec/models/validations/household_validations_spec.rb
index b1c01b7a5..caf53695e 100644
--- a/spec/models/validations/household_validations_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/validations/household_validations_spec.rb
@@ -335,11 +335,11 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::HouseholdValidations do
         record.ecstat2 = 1
         household_validator.validate_household_number_of_other_members(record)
         expect(record.errors["ecstat2"])
-          .to include(match I18n.t("validations.household.ecstat.not_student_16_19", person_num: 2))
+          .to include(match I18n.t("validations.household.ecstat.student_16_19.must_be_student", person_num: 2))
         expect(record.errors["age2"])
-          .to include(match I18n.t("validations.household.age.not_student_16_19", person_num: 2))
+          .to include(match I18n.t("validations.household.age.student_16_19.cannot_be_16_19.child_not_student", person_num: 2))
         expect(record.errors["relat2"])
-          .to include(match I18n.t("validations.household.relat.not_student_16_19", person_num: 2))
+          .to include(match I18n.t("validations.household.relat.student_16_19.cannot_be_child.16_19_not_student", person_num: 2))
       end
 
       it "expects that person can be a full time student" do
@@ -363,6 +363,39 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::HouseholdValidations do
       end
     end
 
+    it "does not add an error for a person aged 16-19 who is a student but not a child of the lead tenant" do
+      record.age2 = 18
+      record.ecstat2 = "7"
+      record.relat2 = "P"
+      household_validator.validate_household_number_of_other_members(record)
+      expect(record.errors["relat2"]).to be_empty
+      expect(record.errors["ecstat2"]).to be_empty
+      expect(record.errors["age2"]).to be_empty
+    end
+
+    it "does not add an error for a person not aged 16-19 who is a student but not a child of the lead tenant" do
+      record.age2 = 20
+      record.ecstat2 = "7"
+      record.relat2 = "P"
+      household_validator.validate_household_number_of_other_members(record)
+      expect(record.errors["relat2"]).to be_empty
+      expect(record.errors["ecstat2"]).to be_empty
+      expect(record.errors["age2"]).to be_empty
+    end
+
+    it "adds errors for a person who is a child of the lead tenant and a student but not aged 16-19" do
+      record.age2 = 14
+      record.ecstat2 = "7"
+      record.relat2 = "C"
+      household_validator.validate_household_number_of_other_members(record)
+      expect(record.errors["relat2"])
+        .to include(match I18n.t("validations.household.relat.student_16_19.cannot_be_child.student_not_16_19"))
+      expect(record.errors["age2"])
+        .to include(match I18n.t("validations.household.age.student_16_19.must_be_16_19"))
+      expect(record.errors["ecstat2"])
+        .to include(match I18n.t("validations.household.ecstat.student_16_19.cannot_be_student.child_not_16_19"))
+    end
+
     context "when the household contains a person over 70" do
       it "expects that person under 70 does not need to be retired" do
         record.age2 = 50
diff --git a/spec/models/validations/sales/household_validations_spec.rb b/spec/models/validations/sales/household_validations_spec.rb
index 925ac1814..e4ca5ae7f 100644
--- a/spec/models/validations/sales/household_validations_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/validations/sales/household_validations_spec.rb
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::HouseholdValidations do
         .to include(match I18n.t("validations.household.age.child_over_20"))
     end
 
-    it "does not add and error for a person aged 16-19 who is a student but not a child of the buyer" do
+    it "does not add an error for a person aged 16-19 who is a student but not a child of the buyer" do
       record.age2 = 18
       record.ecstat2 = "7"
       record.relat2 = "P"
@@ -117,6 +117,16 @@ RSpec.describe Validations::Sales::HouseholdValidations do
       expect(record.errors["age2"]).to be_empty
     end
 
+    it "does not add an error for a person not aged 16-19 who is a student but not a child of the buyer" do
+      record.age2 = 20
+      record.ecstat2 = "7"
+      record.relat2 = "P"
+      household_validator.validate_household_number_of_other_members(record)
+      expect(record.errors["relat2"]).to be_empty
+      expect(record.errors["ecstat2"]).to be_empty
+      expect(record.errors["age2"]).to be_empty
+    end
+
     it "adds errors for a person aged 16-19 who is a child of the buyer but not a student" do
       record.age2 = 17
       record.ecstat2 = "1"