diff --git a/app/models/location.rb b/app/models/location.rb
index 1a4d29451..f57a5706a 100644
--- a/app/models/location.rb
+++ b/app/models/location.rb
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ class Location < ApplicationRecord
     location_deactivation_periods.deactivations_without_reactivation.first
   end
 
-  def recent_deactivation
-    location_deactivation_periods.order("created_at").last
+  def last_deactivation_before(date)
+    location_deactivation_periods.where("deactivation_date <= ?", date).order("created_at").last
   end
 
   def status
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class Location < ApplicationRecord
     return :incomplete unless confirmed
     return :deactivated if open_deactivation&.deactivation_date.present? && date >= open_deactivation.deactivation_date
     return :deactivating_soon if open_deactivation&.deactivation_date.present? && date < open_deactivation.deactivation_date
-    return :reactivating_soon if recent_deactivation&.reactivation_date.present? && date < recent_deactivation.reactivation_date
+    return :reactivating_soon if last_deactivation_before(date)&.reactivation_date.present? && date < last_deactivation_before(date).reactivation_date
     return :activating_soon if startdate.present? && date < startdate
 
     :active
diff --git a/app/models/scheme.rb b/app/models/scheme.rb
index 08b3db265..e030c59c7 100644
--- a/app/models/scheme.rb
+++ b/app/models/scheme.rb
@@ -267,8 +267,8 @@ class Scheme < ApplicationRecord
     scheme_deactivation_periods.deactivations_without_reactivation.first
   end
 
-  def recent_deactivation
-    scheme_deactivation_periods.order("created_at").last
+  def last_deactivation_before(date)
+    scheme_deactivation_periods.where("deactivation_date <= ?", date).order("created_at").last
   end
 
   def status
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ class Scheme < ApplicationRecord
     return :incomplete unless confirmed && locations.confirmed.any?
     return :deactivated if open_deactivation&.deactivation_date.present? && date >= open_deactivation.deactivation_date
     return :deactivating_soon if open_deactivation&.deactivation_date.present? && date < open_deactivation.deactivation_date
-    return :reactivating_soon if recent_deactivation&.reactivation_date.present? && date < recent_deactivation.reactivation_date
+    return :reactivating_soon if last_deactivation_before(date)&.reactivation_date.present? && date < last_deactivation_before(date).reactivation_date
 
     :active
   end
diff --git a/app/models/validations/shared_validations.rb b/app/models/validations/shared_validations.rb
index 81bda79de..c171231d9 100644
--- a/app/models/validations/shared_validations.rb
+++ b/app/models/validations/shared_validations.rb
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ module Validations::SharedValidations
     status = resource.status_at(date)
     return unless %i[reactivating_soon activating_soon deactivated].include?(status)
 
-    closest_reactivation = resource.recent_deactivation
+    closest_reactivation = resource.last_deactivation_before(date)
     open_deactivation = resource.open_deactivation
 
     date = case status
diff --git a/spec/models/location_spec.rb b/spec/models/location_spec.rb
index 4425e1a6c..1b9edb9bf 100644
--- a/spec/models/location_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/location_spec.rb
@@ -930,6 +930,29 @@ RSpec.describe Location, type: :model do
     end
   end
 
+  describe "status_at" do
+    let(:location) { FactoryBot.build(:location, startdate: Time.zone.local(2022, 4, 1)) }
+
+    before do
+      Timecop.freeze(2022, 6, 7)
+    end
+
+    after do
+      Timecop.unfreeze
+    end
+
+    context "when there have been previous deactivations" do
+      before do
+        FactoryBot.create(:location_deactivation_period, deactivation_date: Time.zone.local(2022, 5, 4), reactivation_date: Time.zone.local(2022, 6, 5), location:)
+        location.save!
+      end
+
+      it "returns active if the location has no relevant deactivation records" do
+        expect(location.status_at(Time.zone.local(2022, 4, 4))).to eq(:active)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   describe "filter by status" do
     let!(:incomplete_location) { FactoryBot.create(:location, :incomplete, startdate: Time.zone.local(2022, 4, 1)) }
     let!(:incomplete_location_with_nil_confirmed) { FactoryBot.create(:location, :incomplete, startdate: Time.zone.local(2022, 4, 1), confirmed: nil) }
diff --git a/spec/models/scheme_spec.rb b/spec/models/scheme_spec.rb
index b63866675..70eccc5c2 100644
--- a/spec/models/scheme_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/scheme_spec.rb
@@ -290,6 +290,29 @@ RSpec.describe Scheme, type: :model do
     end
   end
 
+  describe "status_at" do
+    let(:scheme) { FactoryBot.build(:scheme) }
+
+    before do
+      FactoryBot.create(:location, scheme:)
+      Timecop.freeze(2022, 6, 7)
+    end
+
+    after do
+      Timecop.unfreeze
+    end
+
+    context "when there have been previous deactivations" do
+      before do
+        FactoryBot.create(:scheme_deactivation_period, deactivation_date: Time.zone.local(2022, 6, 4), reactivation_date: Time.zone.local(2022, 6, 5), scheme:)
+      end
+
+      it "returns active if the scheme has no relevant deactivation records" do
+        expect(scheme.status_at(Time.zone.local(2022, 5, 5))).to eq(:active)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   describe "available_from" do
     context "when the scheme was created at the start of the 2022/23 collection window" do
       let(:scheme) { FactoryBot.build(:scheme, created_at: Time.zone.local(2022, 4, 6)) }