diff --git a/app/helpers/schemes_helper.rb b/app/helpers/schemes_helper.rb
index 6d12f6675..ce5b7a42c 100644
--- a/app/helpers/schemes_helper.rb
+++ b/app/helpers/schemes_helper.rb
@@ -28,11 +28,14 @@ module SchemesHelper
   end
 
   def scheme_availability(scheme)
-    availability = "Active from #{scheme.available_from.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)}"
-    scheme.scheme_deactivation_periods.each do |deactivation|
-      availability << " to #{(deactivation.deactivation_date - 1.day).to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)}\nDeactivated on #{deactivation.deactivation_date.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)}"
-      availability << "\nActive from #{deactivation.reactivation_date.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)}" if deactivation.reactivation_date.present?
+    availability = ""
+    scheme.active_periods.each do |period|
+      if period.from.present?
+        availability << "\nActive from #{period.from.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)}"
+        availability << " to #{(period.to - 1.day).to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)}\nDeactivated on #{period.to.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)}" if period.to.present?
+      end
     end
-    availability
+    availability.strip
   end
 end
+
diff --git a/app/helpers/toggle_active_scheme_helper.rb b/app/helpers/toggle_active_scheme_helper.rb
index 93b9299b5..9f93939fd 100644
--- a/app/helpers/toggle_active_scheme_helper.rb
+++ b/app/helpers/toggle_active_scheme_helper.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 module ToggleActiveSchemeHelper
-  def toggle_scheme_form_path(action, scheme_id)
+  def toggle_scheme_form_path(action, scheme)
     if action == "deactivate"
-      scheme_new_deactivation_path(scheme_id:)
+      scheme_new_deactivation_path(scheme)
     else
-      scheme_reactivate_path(scheme_id:)
+      scheme_reactivate_path(scheme)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/app/models/scheme.rb b/app/models/scheme.rb
index 09fe504f1..3f88c0044 100644
--- a/app/models/scheme.rb
+++ b/app/models/scheme.rb
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ class Scheme < ApplicationRecord
   end
 
   def available_from
-    created_at
+    [created_at, FormHandler.instance.current_collection_start_date].min
   end
 
   def status
@@ -227,6 +227,19 @@ class Scheme < ApplicationRecord
     :active
   end
 
+  ActivePeriod = Struct.new(:from, :to)
+  def active_periods
+    periods = [ActivePeriod.new(available_from, nil)]
+
+    sorted_deactivation_periods = scheme_deactivation_periods.sort_by(&:deactivation_date)
+    sorted_deactivation_periods.each do |deactivation|
+      periods.find { |x| x.to.nil? }.to = deactivation.deactivation_date
+      periods << ActivePeriod.new(deactivation.reactivation_date, nil)
+    end
+
+    periods.select { |period| (period.from != period.to) && (period.to.nil? || (period.from.present? && period.from <= period.to)) }
+  end
+
   def active?
     status == :active
   end
@@ -252,10 +265,11 @@ class Scheme < ApplicationRecord
       elsif deactivation_date_type == "other"
         errors.add(:deactivation_date, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.toggle_date.invalid"))
       end
+    elsif scheme_deactivation_periods.any? { |period| deactivation_date.between?(period.deactivation_date, period.reactivation_date - 1.day) }
+      errors.add(:deactivation_date, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.deactivation.during_deactivated_period"))
     else
-      collection_start_date = FormHandler.instance.current_collection_start_date
-      unless deactivation_date.between?(collection_start_date, Time.zone.local(2200, 1, 1))
-        errors.add(:deactivation_date, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.toggle_date.out_of_range", date: collection_start_date.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)))
+      unless deactivation_date.between?(available_from, Time.zone.local(2200, 1, 1))
+        errors.add(:deactivation_date, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.toggle_date.out_of_range", date: available_from.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)))
       end
     end
   end
@@ -267,17 +281,17 @@ class Scheme < ApplicationRecord
   def reactivation_date_errors
     return unless @run_reactivation_validations
 
+    recent_deactivation = scheme_deactivation_periods.deactivations_without_reactivation.first
     if reactivation_date.blank?
       if reactivation_date_type.blank?
-        errors.add(:reactivation_date_type, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.reactivation_date.not_selected"))
+        errors.add(:reactivation_date_type, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.toggle_date.not_selected"))
       elsif reactivation_date_type == "other"
-        errors.add(:reactivation_date, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.reactivation_date.invalid"))
-      end
-    else
-      collection_start_date = FormHandler.instance.current_collection_start_date
-      unless reactivation_date.between?(collection_start_date, Time.zone.local(2200, 1, 1))
-        errors.add(:reactivation_date, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.reactivation_date.out_of_range", date: collection_start_date.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)))
+        errors.add(:reactivation_date, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.toggle_date.invalid"))
       end
+    elsif !reactivation_date.between?(available_from, Time.zone.local(2200, 1, 1))
+      errors.add(:reactivation_date, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.toggle_date.out_of_range", date: available_from.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)))
+    elsif reactivation_date < recent_deactivation.deactivation_date
+      errors.add(:reactivation_date, message: I18n.t("validations.scheme.reactivation.before_deactivation", date: recent_deactivation.deactivation_date.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)))
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/views/schemes/toggle_active.html.erb b/app/views/schemes/toggle_active.html.erb
index 6cae1a4bf..1d4ff2ecf 100644
--- a/app/views/schemes/toggle_active.html.erb
+++ b/app/views/schemes/toggle_active.html.erb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
         href: scheme_details_path(@scheme),
       ) %>
 <% end %>
-<%= form_with model: @scheme, url: toggle_scheme_form_path(action, @scheme.id), method: "patch", local: true do |f| %>
+<%= form_with model: @scheme, url: toggle_scheme_form_path(action, @scheme), method: "patch", local: true do |f| %>
   <div class="govuk-grid-row">
     <div class="govuk-grid-column-two-thirds">
       <% collection_start_date = FormHandler.instance.current_collection_start_date %>
diff --git a/config/locales/en.yml b/config/locales/en.yml
index 88ad711be..03c33dd0b 100644
--- a/config/locales/en.yml
+++ b/config/locales/en.yml
@@ -317,6 +317,11 @@ en:
         not_selected: "Select one of the options"
         invalid: "Enter a valid day, month and year"
         out_of_range: "The date must be on or after the %{date}"
+      reactivation:
+        before_deactivation: "This scheme was deactivated on %{date}\nThe reactivation date must be on or after deactivation date"
+      deactivation:
+        during_deactivated_period: "The scheme is already deactivated during this date, please enter a different date"
+
 
     location:
       deactivation_date: